non-angled AP radiograph of C1 and C2.specialized projections of the cervical spine often requested to assess for spinal stability.modified lateral projection of the cervical spine to visualize the C7/T1 junction.demonstrated the intervertebral foramina of the side positioned closer to the image receptor.demonstrates the intervertebral foramina of the side positioned further from the image receptor. ![]() also known as a 'peg' projection it demonstrates the C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis).Other CT abnormalities such as nodules, ground-glass opacities, thickened bronchovascular bundles, and thickened interlobular septa are often seen. In this situation, a reverse halo sign may be seen. anterior-posterior relationship of the vertebral bodies Another pattern of alveolar sarcoidosis is an appearance termed 'fairy ring', which refers to circumferentially organized opacities.soft tissue structures around the c spine.anteroposterior projection of the cervical spine demonstrating the vertebral bodies and intervertebral spaces.Multilevel vertebral erosions and disc space narrowings with the involvement of dens and pannus formation at the craniovertebral junction. Multilevel vertebral erosions with marked involvement of dens and widening of the atlantodens interval. Multilevel vertebral erosions with the involvement of dens. Note: in the absence of CT 5 views of the C-spine should be performed: AP, lateral, obliques and odontoid 5. Citation, DOI, disclosures and case data. IndicationsĬervical spine radiographs are indicated for a variety of settings including 1-3:Ī decision to pursue C-spine imaging of any kind should be cross-referenced with the 'Canadian C-Spine Rule' for C-spine imaging due to its high sensitivity and specificity 4. Case Report A 32-year-old male presented with pain and numbness in bilateral upper extremities for 1 year. ![]() X-rays can be used to diagnose a disease, monitor the progression of the disease. Spinal cord involvement of sarcoidosis is uncommon. Finding is suggestive of a hangman’s fracture of the neural arches of C2. B: Subluxation is present.The anterior aspect of spinous process of C2 misses the PCL >2 mm. Anterior aspect of spinous process of C2 commonly misses PCL by 2 mm. ![]() Thoracic involvement is common and accounts for most of the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. A: No subluxation.Therefore, posterior cervical line (PCL) cannot be applied. The X-ray can help a physician find a cause for the problems occurring. Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder that is characterized by noncaseous epithelioid cell granulomas, which may affect almost any organ. However, it was Krebs in 1930 who first used the term bamboo to describe the radiographic appearance of this condition 1-4.The cervical spine series is a set of radiographs taken to investigate the bony structures of the cervical spine, albeit commonly replaced by the CT, the cervical spine series is an essential trauma radiograph for all radiographers to understand. A cervical spine and neck X-ray is used to view the area of the body where a patient is experiencing pain, swelling, or other abnormalities that require an internal view of the organs. thesis. The French neurologist Pierre Marie (1853 -1940) 6 described an ankylosed spine as 'fait rigide comme un baton' ('rigid as a stick') hence the eponymous name Marie-Strumpell disease. History and etymologyīernard Connor (1666-1698) 3, an Irish anatomist, was the first to thoroughly describe an ankylosed human spine in 1694, using a disinterred human spine for his M.D. Together these give the impression of undulating continuous lateral spinal borders on AP spinal radiographs and resemble a bamboo stem hence the term bamboo spine. There is also accompanying squaring of the anterior vertebral body margins with associated reactive sclerosis of the vertebral body margins ( shiny corner sign) 5. The resulting radiographic appearance, therefore, is that of thin, curved, radiopaque spicules that completely bridge adjoining vertebral bodies. In a bamboo spine, the outer fibers of the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral discs ossify, which results in the formation of marginal syndesmophytes between adjoining vertebral bodies 5. It is often accompanied by fusion of the posterior vertebral elements as well.Ī bamboo spine typically involves the thoracolumbar and/or lumbosacral junctions and predisposes to unstable vertebral fractures and Andersson lesions. Bamboo spine is a pathognomonic radiographic feature seen in ankylosing spondylitis that occurs as a result of vertebral body fusion by marginal syndesmophytes.
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